A tale of two literatures: Transaction costs and property rights in innovation outsourcing     

Nishaal Gooroochurn 《Research Policy》2007,36(10):1483-1495

This paper investigates the relative importance of property rights and transactions cost factors in driving the decision of firms to outsource innovation. Using data for over 8000 firms from the UK Community Innovation Survey, we find that property right factors dominate over transaction cost factors. Transaction cost variables are more important for process innovation, while property rights variables are more significant for firms involved in product innovation. In addition, we find that firms involved in process innovation have a higher probability of outsourcing innovation than firms involved in product innovation.  相似文献   

含DMPP硫硝铵不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及品质的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

许超  吴良欢  巨晓棠  张福锁 《科技通报》2004,20(5):464-467

采用土培试验对含硝化抑制剂DMPP(3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐)硫硝铵(ASN)氮肥(简称ASN DMPP)不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及营养品质的影响进行了探讨．结果表明，等氮量(每千克土用0．5g氮)施用条件下基肥75％、追肥25％的基追肥比例不仅可提高蔬菜产量、降低硝酸盐含量，还可提高Vc、氨基酸、Zn、N、K含量，改善了蔬菜品质。  相似文献   

基于第三方担保的研发联盟风险防范机制研究     

张宝贵 《科学学研究》2007,25(1):138-140

以分析研发联盟中的风险为切入点,借用第三方担保在主权国家间条约或联盟中的风险防范机制,研究第三方担保对于研发联盟风险防范的有效作用。  相似文献   

Effect of low-dose omega-3 fatty acids substitution on blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in Indians with essential hypertension: A pilot study     

A. Bhise  P. V. Krishnan  R. Aggarwal  M. Gaiha  J. Bhattacharjee 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):4-9

The present study comprised 100 patients of essential hypertension who were screened for fasting hyperinsulinemia, which was detected in 77% cases. Twenty such hyperinsulinemic cases were subjected to 4 weeks of dietary control phase followed by 6 weeks of omega-3 fatty acids substitution [either 0.6 g/d (group 1) or 1.2 g/d (group 2)]. The mean basal fasting plasma insulin levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients of hypertension when compared to normal controls (126.51±80.36 and 19.35±12.61 μU/ml respectively). At the end of 4 weeks of diet control only, no significant change was observed in any parameter. After substitution of omega-3 fatty acid, a significant reduction of fasting plasma insulin levels in both group 1 (29%) and group 2 (22.8%) was observed (p<0.001). Significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (16.4% and 25% respectively), serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein was also noted in both groups (p<0.001), while high density lipoprotein increased by ∼8 mg% in both groups. Thus omega-3 fatty acid substituion in low dose along-with curtailment of dietary omega-6 fatty acid may be used as an adjunctive measure in the management of essential hypertension.  相似文献   

企业文化对技术创新过程的影响研究     

周玉良  窦雪梅 《技术与创新管理》2005,26(4):78-80

在阐述技术创新、企业文化概念和意义的基础上，分析了企业文化对技术创新的作用，指出企业文化对技术创新全过程有着重要的影响，并对如何建立有利于技术创新的企业文化提出一些建议，以创新的企业文化促进企业的技术创新，使企业在激烈的市场竞争中充满活力。  相似文献   

三维表面微观形貌的等高图绘制及粗糙度3-D评定参数计算方法研究     

陈小岗  刘远伟  孙全平 《中国科技信息》2006,(20):281-284

针对零件表面质量的要求愈来愈高，而机加工表面微观形貌的粗糙度3-D评定方法却相对滞后。针对这一问题，本文就三维表面微观形貌的等高图的绘制方法、粗糙度3-D评定参数的计算提出了一些具体编程实现方法。重点阐述了三维表面等高图的绘制方法、3-D支承率和液体滞留性能指数的计算方法。利用JB-4C测量仪，开发了粗糙度3-D评定参数计算系统，验证了该方法的可行性。  相似文献   

跨国公司R&D国际化趋势及其对中国跨国公司的启示   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

熊波  陈柳 《研究与发展管理》2002,14(3):1-5,10

随着世界经济全球化 ,跨国公司的 R &D活动出现了国际化趋势。在此 ,分析了跨国公司R&D国际化的必然性、新趋势 ,并提出如何使中国跨国公司 R&D活动国际化的建议。  相似文献   

Immune response to n-terminal and c-terminal deletion mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus major allergen ASP F 3     

Bhanu P. Singh  Banani Banerjee  Puspanita Naik  Jordan N. Fink  Viswanath P. Kurup 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(2):20-27

The ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes allergic rhinitis, asthma, sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. A number of major allergens from A. fumigatus are purified, but their structure-function role in the pathogenesis of disease is not known. Such information is essential for devising alternative therapy of fungal allergic diseases. In the present study, N-terminal and C-terminal deletion mutants ofAsp f 3 were constructed and their immunopathological responses studied in a mice model of allergy. Three mutants viz,Asp f 3 (aa 33–168), (aa 1–142), and (aa 23–142) were made by deleting certain amino acids from epitopic regions of full lengthAsp f 3, a major allergen of A. furnigatus. TheAsp f 3 and three mutated proteins were expressed in pET vector. The C-terminal deletion mutantAsp f 3 (aa 1–142) induced elevated IFN-γ but low levels of IL-4 by spleen cells. This mutant also showed significant downregulation of peripheral blood eosinophils and lung inflammation in immunized mice. The N-terminal deletion mutantAsp f 3 (aa 33–168) also exhibited an immuno-suppressive effect in terms of IgE production and induction of Th2 cytokine. The results indicate thatrAsp f 3 and its deletion mutants induced distinct immune-inflammatory responses in mice on challenge with these proteins. The non-IgE binding deletion mutants ofAsp f 3 (aa 1–142 and aa 33–168) could deviate Th2 immune response with a concomitant reduction in airway inflammation and infiltration of inflammatory cells.  相似文献   

我国技术知识存量的构成与国际比较研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

蔡虹  许晓雯 《研究与发展管理》2005,17(4):15-20

根据国外技术知识存量的计算方法,确定了技术知识的陈腐化率和R＆D时间滞后．在此基础上,对我国以自主研究开发和技术引进为主的知识存量的构成进行了实证研究,并从中国技术知识的总量及其占GDP的比重等方面与美国和日本进行了比较分析,提出有效利用外溢技术是近期提高我国技术知识存量重要途径的政策建议。  相似文献   

R&D/产品问题模型对于价格竞争的包容性探讨——价格竞争也是一种数量竞争     

张化尧  史小坤 《软科学》2006,20(4):9-11

R&D/产品问题的文献,都无一例外地在模型中采用了数量竞争(产量作为决策变量)的形式;而现实中市场往往以产品的价格作为第一操作变量进行竞争,或采取更为剧烈的“价格战”。从价格竞争的Cournot均衡模型出发,对模型中的变量进行替换得到产量竞争模型的形式,在这一变换中,并不改变竞争各方非对称的产品替代性和竞争优势,表明这种形式上的转化并没有使原来的产业特性在转变中发生相对改变。进一步对模型中的产品替代性进行讨论,可以说明Bertrand式的价格竞争也可以映射一种数量竞争。  相似文献